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Psychology
Review Essays of Academic, Professional & Technical Books in the Humanities & Sciences
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Neuroscience, Third Edition by Michael S. Gazzaniga (Author), Richard B. Ivry (Author), George R. Mangun ( W.W. Norton) Three leading figures in the field of cognitive neuroscience provide an engaging, narrative-driven overview of this pathbreaking field. Taking a highly interdisciplinary approach, the authors balance cognitive theory with neuroscientific and neuropsychological evidence to reveal what we currently know about how the human mind works and to encourage students to think like cognitive neuroscientists. The text has been reorganized to move seamlessly from micro to macro level topics, and its underlying pedagogy strengthened to make it an even more effective teaching tool. Maintaining its commitment to highlight the most cutting-edge trends in the field, the third edition includes the first ever stand-alone chapter of its kind on social neuroscience.
Highlights of the new edition include:
- A reorganized structure that follows a micro to macro outline.
- Newly revised chapters rewritten in a more uniform voice, style, and presentation to strengthen the book's underlying pedagogy.
- Fully up-to-date research, including a new chapter on "Social Cognition." A superior art program that shows cognitive neuroscience in action.
- Clinical case studies and an array of examples throughout to make the material relevant, to illustrate essential points, and to humanize the scientific content.
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy by Jesse H. Wright (Review of Psychiatry: American Psychiatric Association) Describes the latest advances in the application of cognitive-behavior therapy. Discusses cognitive-behavior therapy for treatment in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and for patients with physical illness.
This compact, detailed
volume, has 13 distinguished contributors who show how CBT's primary focus of
identifying and changing maladaptive patterns of information processing and
related behaviors is fully compatible with biological theories and treatments
and can be combined with pharmacotherapy to optimize treatment results in
clinical practice. In five chapters that illustrate the broadening reach and
scope of CBT, these experts discuss Schizophrenia - Shows clinicians how to
incorporate the strengths of CBT into their daily practices for treating
patients with schizophrenia. CBT methods (e.g., thought recording, examining the
evidence, activity scheduling, graded task assignments, psychoeducation) can
help relieve both positive and negative symptoms, reduce the stigma associated
with the illness, improve depression and anxiety, and increase social skills.
Bipolar / disorder - Focuses on a concerted effort to educate the patient about
bipolar disorder, which helps patients and families develop an "early warning"
system and be prepared with interventions to forestall relapse. CBT methods also
teach patients how to reduce common psychosocial stressors and adhere to their
prescribed Computer-assisted CBT - Discusses an exciting new frontier that has
already found excellent levels of patient acceptance and can reduce the amount
of clinician time required for successful treatment. Using virtual reality and
other technologies, computer-assisted CBT enhances therapy by providing
interactive methods of learning and rehearsing CBT skills and by illustrating
problem-solving methods with multimedia scenarios. CBT for treating physical
illnesses - Details the positive benefits for CBT in many different types of
medical disorders, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and multiple
sclerosis. CBT can help change negative automatic thoughts ("What's the use?"),
reduce anxiety and depression, and ultimately help the patient develop adaptive
beliefs, identify and mobilize inherent strengths, and maximize healthy
behavioral strategies. CBT for children and adolescents - Reviews the robust
effects for CBT in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and
depression and demonstrates how these methods can be used in clinical practice.
Findings from numerous studies demonstrate that CBT is effective in individual,
group, and family formats and can also be used to reduce vulnerability to
depression in adolescents who are at risk. This volume enriches our
understanding of the strengths of CBT and provides new opportunities for helping
patients, it will be welcomed by clinicians and students alike.
Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind (Second Edition) by Daniel Reisberg (Norton) presents current topics and issues in clear, lively prose that is accessible to students. With Cognition, students see where ideas originate, how they are evaluated, and how theories evolve through experimentation. The new Second Edition has been completely redesigned and includes new pedagogy to make the book even more student friendly. Over 600 new citations, as well as revisions to every chapter, bring the text to the forefront of its field. Major updates include a new chapter on the brain and cognition, an expanded emphasis on visual perception, a completely reconceived chapter on memory errors and gaps, and a thorough updating of the chapters on judgment, decision making, and reasoning.
Strengthened Coverage of Neuroscience
The Second Edition includes an engaging new chapter on neuroscience entitled
"The Brain and Cognition." While laying out the basics of neuroanatomy
and neurochemistry, Professor Reisberg uses Capgras syndrome as a multipage case
study to demonstrate how neuroscientists study the brain and they have learned
about its operating principles. Other key neuroscientific updates include
coverage of the executive functions and the role they play in guiding behavior.
New Coverage of Visual Perception
Vision has become one of the hottest fields in cognitive psychology. Many
scholars stress the notion that we each play a highly active role in perceiving
and constructing our visual world. In response, the Second Edition incorporates
new ideas regarding the visual sensory system, as well as research concerning
how we perceive and construct our visual world.
Updated Chapter on Memory
While emphasizing how accurate memory usually is, Professor Reisberg discusses
the diverse factors that can lead to memory errors, even those caused by
normally reliable mechanisms.
New Research on Judgment, Decision Making, and Reasoning
Major updates include alternative explanations of our ability to judge and
reason from the evolutionary perspective; coverage of new research on
inattention blindness; and expanded coverage of new theories of decision making,
including process-oriented theories.
The Foundations of Cognitive Science by Joao Branquinho (Oxford University Press) (PAPERBACK) is a set of thirteen new essays on key topics in this lively interdisciplinary field, by a stellar international line‑up of authors. Philosophers, psychologists, and neurologists here come together to investigate such fascinating subjects as consciousness; vision; rationality; artificial life; the neural basis of language, cognition, and emotion; and the relations between mind and world, for instance our representation of numbers and space. Anyone interested in the exploration of the human mind will enjoy this book.
Excerpt:
The present volume brings together thirteen new essays dealing with a wide variety of important topics in the foundations of the fascinating multidisciplinary field of studies currently known as Cognitive Science. The purpose of this Introduction is to provide the reader with a synoptic view of the territory covered by the book, especially the main issues and problems addressed, and to give an outline of the central contributions made by each chapter to their discussion. It is expected that this will help readers, particularly those less familiar with the area, to be able to discern a background of shared theoretical concerns and general assumptions behind the diversity of topics and approaches displayed by the contributed chapters. Given the controversial nature of most issues in the foundations of cognitive science, it could hardly be expected from a description of the territory that it be theoretically neutral; however, we have tried as much as possible to stay close to a set of methodological claims that are very often seen as consensual.
The multi‑disciplinary character of the area is clearly reflected in the volume, as witnessed by the fact that a large number of the academic disciplines usually regarded as engaged in the enterprise of cognitive science are represented herein. Indeed, even though some of the chapters (e.g. chapter 5) are somehow hybrid and could thus be seen as falling within more than one discipline, a natural way of sorting them out in that respect is as follows: neuroscience (chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7), linguistics (chapter 10), philosophy (chapters 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, and 13), and psychology (chapters 3 and 12), Of course, the relative predominance of philosophy on this list stems from the relative predominance of matters eminently foundational throughout the book, matters having to do with general questions concerning the relations that hold among the principal protagonists of the story about human cognition: mind, brain, language, world, and action.
It is worth mentioning at this point that, besides sharing a subject (broadly conceived), a common feature of the chapters in this volume is the fact that early versions of them were presented at the Lisbon International Conference on the Foundations of Cognitive Science at the End of the Century. Most people who had the chance to attend the Lisbon meeting in May 1998 would very likely refer to it as a memorable event, not only because of the friendliness of the environment and other traits of the same kind, but mostly on the basis of a feeling that something rather like a "meeting of minds" happened a there on the occasion, among the several researchers contributing to the present collection. Indeed, the lively and cooperative discussion and exchange of views that marked most of the conference sessions, as well as the genuinely interdisciplinary dimension of the debates, very often generated real insight into some of the most interesting and difficult issues in the foundations of cognitive science. Although some of these aspects are extremely hard to capture in print, it is not unreasonable to think that what happened in the meeting has had some sort of benign bearing upon the final versions of the essays here included.
MAPPINGS IN THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE: by Gilles Fauconnier
Cambridge University Press
$17.95, paper, 205 pages, references, index, diagrams
0-521-59953-9
hardcover:
Meaning in everyday thought and language is constructed at lightning speed. We are not conscious of the staggering complexity of the cognitive operations that drive our simplest behavior. Fauconnier examines a central component of meaning construction: the maps that link mental spaces. A deep result of the research shows how the same principles operate at the highest levels of scientific, art and literary thought, and at the lower levels of elementary understanding and sentence meaning. Some key cognitive operations analogical mappings, conceptual integration and blending, dish management, induction, and recursion. The analyses are based on a rich array of attested data in ordinary language, humor, action and design, science, and narratives. Phenomena that receive attention include counterfactuals; time, tense, and mood; opacity; metaphor; fictive motion; grammatical constructions; and quantification over cognitive domains.
This book will appeal to students, faculty, and researchers concerned with cognitive science, linguistics, and psychology and philosophy.
"The problem of how people construct meaning in thought and language is at the heart of research in the cognitive sciences. Gilles Fauconnier has written a profound book that beautifully demonstrates how meaning constructions underlie many aspects of grammar, ordinary discourse, and everyday cognition. He provides clear analyses of how mappings both within and between domains provide the foundation for many of the ways we think, act, and communicate. This work should be read and closely studied by cognitive scientists from all disciplines. It is cognitive linguistics at its best!" - Raymond Gibbs, University of California, Santa Cruz
Contents:
Acknowledgments
1. Mappings
2. Mental-Space Connections
3. Tense and Mood
4. Analogical Counterfactuals
5. Matching
6. Blends
Conclusion
References
Index
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