General Psychiatry

Essentials of Psychiatry edited by Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard(American Psychiatric Publishing) provides a synopsis of the most important clinical material included within the fifth edition of The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry, a work hailed as the best reference for the majority of practicing psychiatrists (Doody s Book Reviews). Revised and updated to incorporate the latest research findings, this economical paperback abridgement of the Textbook presents, in distilled form, the core knowledge base of clinical psychiatry by focusing on information of greatest relevance to the practicing clinician. This unique text reflects the collaborative efforts of more than 50 contributing junior and senior authors. The resulting blend of new insights and fresh perspectives with penetrating wisdom and vast research and clinical experience enriches the material and increases its appeal to readers of diverse backgrounds and levels of educational and clinical experience. A broad, integrated knowledge of medicine, psychology, and neuroscience is the foundation of psychiatric practice and the optimal basis for treatment decisions. Essentials of Psychiatry, Third Edition, makes this key knowledge accessible to psychiatry residents and practitioners alike and will also prove useful to physicians in other fields (e.g., family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, neurology), as well as to interested laypersons and nonmedical professionals such as clergy and members of the bar.

The Third Edition of Essentials of Psychiatry provides a synopsis of the most important material included within the fifth edition of The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry and was developed specifically for those needing a concise reference of clinical psychiatry. Although this work will provide psychiatry residents, fourth-year medical students on psychiatry electives, and practicing psychiatrists a complete, yet abridged, overview of clinical psychiatry, it will also serve anyone seeking a clear and direct reference on this subject. As such, it will prove useful to both physicians in other fields as well as laypersons who are interested in clinical psychiatry.

With its more concise structure, this book intends to provide core knowledge to the busy trainee or practitioner on psychiatric assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. It takes a biopsychosocial approach to patient treatment, including both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology.

The Third Edition has fewer pages (790 vs. 1008) and two less chapters than the prior edition. It was felt that readers wanted more condensed and clinically relevant material. Of the 55 authors of chapters in this edition, 34 (or 61%) are new, making this edition the most extensively revised version yet.

To develop the subject matter of this work, we carefully reviewed the 44 chapters contained within The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry and selected the 22 that we felt were most important and relevant for clinical practice in a variety of settings: inpatient, partial hospitalization, outpatient, and rehabilitation programs. Our goal was create an economical paperback version of the Textbook that remained focused on key clinical information concerning selected psychiatric disorders. At the same time, we endeavored to present this essential knowledge base and the methods of psychiatric treatment in a manner that was both exciting and accessible.

One important feature that gives Essentials of Psychiatry its particular effectiveness is the combined effort of senior and junior authors in certain chapters. The addition of junior authors has infused the chapters with new research insights and fresh and expanded perspectives on the subject matter. The senior authors have complemented these new ideas with their considerable wisdom and vast research and clinical experience. We believe that these collaborations both increase the appeal of the chapters to readers at all levels of educational and clinical experience and enrich the diversity and quality of the material presented here.

 

Biological Psychiatry, 2 volumes, edited by Hugo A.H. D'haenen, Johan A. den Boer, Paul Willner (Wiley) This textbook aims to review the current state of biological psychiatry, a field that has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. The book is aimed at clinical, postgrad­uate and research audiences, within psychiatry, neurology, psychopharmacology, and psychology.

After a few introductory chapters dealing with concep­tual and measurement issues in biological psychiatry, the first part of the book deals with basic principles relating to animal models, transmitter systems (aminergic, amino acid, peptidergic), neuroendocrinology, neuroimmunology, psychophysiology, neuropsychology, brain imaging, neuro­genetics, gene‑environment interactions, and gender issues. These chapters are intended to provide the necessary basic information that would enable the reader unfamiliar with each of the fields addressed to understand the later chapters applying this knowledge to specific psychiatric disorders.

Although it has frequently been argued that the diagnostic categories of the American Psychiatric Association Diagnos­tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ‑IVth edition (DSM‑IV) are not immediately relevant to biological psychi­atric insights, we have used the DSM‑IV classification as an organizing principle, for didactic reasons.

Thus, the second part deals with most of the major diag­nostic categories of DSM‑IV: cognitive disorders, substance-­related disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety dis­orders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, eating disorders, sleep disor­ders, impulse control disorders, and personality disorders.

With the exception of four comprehensive chapters on "the psychobiology of somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, and impulse control disorders, all other sections (cognitive disorders, substance‑related disorders ....) aim to recapitulate each of the topics introduced in part 1 of the book, as well as including for each disorder, a chapter on the current therapeutic armamentarium.

Although the editors are European, authors from all over the world, indeed from almost all continents, have partici­pated in this endeavour. In editing the book, we have tried as much as possible to avoid overlap between chapters, but the autonomy of each chapter had precedence. Nevertheless, we have found the contributing authors extremely recep­tive to our editorial suggestions, and take the opportunity to acknowledge their collaboration.

It has also been a real pleasure working with the staff from Wiley, who from the beginning has supported this undertaking. More particularly so, the cooperation with Charlotte Brabants and her assistant Layla Paggetti has been fruitful, encouraging, stimulating and exceptionally pleasant.

Everyday, new biological psychiatric insights in psy­chopathological disorders are to be found in the professional literature. It is inherent to the requirements of a book such as this, for some time to elapse between the delivery of a manuscript and the publication of the book. All those con­cerned have made a great effort to limit this interval as much as reasonably possible.

Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (2-Volume Set) edited by Glen O. Gabbard (American Psychiatric Publishing) The first edition (1989) was published in four volumes as a task force report of the American Psychiatric Association, and became the standard reference on treatment in American psychiatry. The second edition is reduced in size, largely by confining the contributions to treatment issues, with the assumption that readers will familiarize themselves with diagnostic issues by reading DSM-IV. All of the major DSM-IV disorders are covered and all of the major treatment modalities, in 93 contributed chapters by scholars and clinicians who provide a clinically relevant synthesis of the contemporary knowledge in each area. This third edition of Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders appears nearly 20 years after the idea for this project was first conceived.  The second edition was a highly successful compendium, but as the century neared its close, it was recognized that some of the material in it was becoming dated. The third edition updates the expanding knowledge on the various treatments available to psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. In the tradition of the second edition, this book is deliberately pluralistic in its approach to psychiatric treatment. Recognizing that a cornerstone of the art and science of clinical psychiatry is adjusting the treatment to the needs of a particular patient, chapter authors were instructed to include all major modalities applicable to the disorder for which they were responsible. Some of the treatments described for some disorders in this text are surrounded by controversy, and the book should be viewed as a collection of expert opinions intended to aid clinicians who are faced with the complexity of treatment planning.

A major emphasis in the text is on the results of randomized controlled trials, when available. However, because of concerns about whether the data emerging from controlled trials are generalizable to the naturalistic settings in which frontline clinicians practice, we have not limited the material in each chapter to results from such trials. We have also included data from uncontrolled studies as well as accumulated clinical wisdom when there is little empirical research from which to draw. Some authors have also provided highly sophisticated integrative models of treatment to help the clinician select among the available modalities and combine them in a rational conceptual framework designed to maximize the effectiveness of the overall treatment plan.

Obviously such a large textbook is a team effort with each section and chapter written by an expert in his or her specialty.  A group of outstanding section editors were chosen because they were recognized experts in the disorders for which they were responsible. They include John F McDermott Jr., M.D., and Elizabeth B. Weller, M.D., for disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescents; Stuart C. Yudofsky, M.D., and Robert E. Hales, M.D., for delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorders; Herbert D. Kleber, M.D., and Marc Galanter, M.D., for substance‑related disorders; Richard L. Munich, M.D., and Carol Tamminga, M.D., for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; A. John Rush, M.D., for mood disorders; Franklin Schneier, M.D., Lisa Mellman, M.D., and David Spiegel, M.D., for anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and adjustment disorders; Charles B. Ford, M.D., for somatoform and factitious disorders; R. Taylor Segraves, M.D., and Stephen Levine, M.D., for sexual and gender identity disorders; Katherine A. Halmi, M.D., and Paul E. Garfinkel, M.D., FR. C.PC., for eating disorders; and John G. Gunderson, M.D. and editor Glen O. Gabbard for personality disorders. Two sections, sleep disorders and disorders of impulse control, were small enough that they did not require section editors.

Each section editors was given more or less free rein to organize the chapter contributions in a manner that was most "reader friendly” because a rigid uniformity might undermine the ease with which the reader could use the text as a reference book. For example, in the section on anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and adjustment disorders, were organize the chapters along the lines of diagnostic entities, because a myriad of different disorders are represented in the section and various treatments are applicable to each disorder. In contrast, in the section on mood disorders, which comprises fewer conditions, it was organized around treatment modalities.

All chapter authors have updated their chapters with references from 1995 up to the moment of submission for publication so as to make this third edition as current as possible.

There is the existence of additional conditions potentially in need of clinical attention that do not appear in this edition such as life-long effects of physical or sexual abuse in childhood, relational problems, bereavement, and phase‑of‑life problems. The fact that such conditions are not covered in this text however should not be taken to imply that they do not require careful and thoughtful psychiatric evaluation and treatment. Nor does absence of mention or coverage of a disorder imply that it is rare. This book is written in concise professional language of psychiatry and may be daunting for a casual lay reader. However the level of abstraction should not disguise the tremendous advances that have been made in the treatment of some disorders and also how many disorders elude effective treatment.

 Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry, Third Edition edited by Nancy C., Andreasen MD., Ph.D. Donald W. Black, MD. (American Psychiatric Publishing) Text primarily intended for medical students and residents during the first several years of their training. Chapter references provide for more in-depth exploration of topics.

It is now been more than 13 years since the first edition appeared. The main goal of this text is to provide a user-friendly textbook for persons just being introduced to the field of psychiatry. The main target audience traditionally has been third‑ or fourth‑year medical students rotating through psychiatry, as well as psychiatric residents in their first and second years of training. The book is also useful for laypersons who simply wanted to learn more about their illnesses or those that ran in their families.

This volume is keyed to DSM-IV and attempts to give access to more comprehensive information about psychiatry and psychiatric disorders. This is still the intent of this introductory textbook: to present psychiatry as a field exploding with knowledge, not one mired in the past. The book attempts to show the broad range of psychiatric disorders and to provide a working knowledge of the fundamentals necessary for the practice of psychiatry, such as interviewing. There is some history of the field, some neurobiological theories about the mental illnesses, and some rudimentary knowledge about the kinds of laboratory tests and evaluations found helpful in assessing disorders. In the second edition adds several new chapters, case vignettes, and illustrations and tables to help make some of the concepts more understandable.

Now in the third edition, are added even more case vignettes, useful illustrations, and tables and current research and new findings about many specific psychiatric disorders. Chapter 22, which covers psychiatric aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS), has altered the most because knowledge about this epidemic‑-which shows no signs of abating‑-has in creased exponentially. Chapter 27, which covers somatic treatments, has been largely rewritten to reflect the burgeoning knowledge about new drug treatments, particularly antidepressants. For example, in the last few years, a great deal has been learned about the cytochrome system, which can contribute to problematic drug interactions that clinicians must understand.

A unique aspect of the book, the Appendix, has been maintained to give students access to some of the common questionnaires originally developed for use. Increasingly, these quantitative methods are being integrated into routine clinical care as well because they are so helpful for understanding and assessing patients. For example, the Mini‑Mental State Exam (MMSE), a brief questionnaire used internationally, allows clinicians to quickly assess the cognitive functioning of individuals. The MMSE has become such an important assessment tool that students learning about cognitive disorders need to be familiar with it. Also the Beck Depression Inventory, commonly used to assess severity of depressive symptoms is detailed. Many clinicians who treat depression have patients fill out the self‑report questionnaire at each visit to obtain an objective measure of the patient's condition. This is an important volume for understanding modern psychiatric practice.

Contemporary Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing by Holly Skodol Wilson, Carol Ren Kneisl, Eileen Trigoboff (Prentice Hall) Millions of people worldwide suffer from mental health disor­ders. In fact, five of the leading causes of disability in the world today are psychiatric in nature. Psychiatric-mental health nursing is a specialized area that employs a wide range of explana­tory theories and research on human behavior as its science and the purposeful use of self as its art. Understanding people who are searching for meaning through interaction in complex times demands the most authoritative and contemporary knowledge and clinical competence. It is through the power of knowledge and clinical competence that psychiatric-mental health nurses can help clients from diverse cultures to live with uncertainty, unfamiliarity and unpredictability and to pursue creative healing on psychobiologic and spiritual levels. Our goal for this textbook, Contemporary Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, and its companion supplements is to provide students and practicing psychiatric-mental health nurses with the most up-to-date, evidence-based, culturally competent, authorita­tive, comprehensive resource available and to present it in an accessible, clinically relevant, and professional format.

UNDERLYING THEMES

Throughout this textbook, we as authors try to remain true to values of humanism, interactionism, cultural competence, the relevance of meaning, and the importance of empathy and empowerment in the nurse-client relationship. We believe that psychiatric-mental health nursing is concerned with the quality of human life and its relationship to optimal psychobiologic health, feelings of self-worth, personal integrity, self-fulfillment, spirituality, and creative expression. The psychiatric-mental health nurse's scope of practice is broad enough to include issues such as alienation, identity crises, sudden life changes, and troubled family relationships. It may involve issues of poverty and affluence, cross-cultural disparities in access to health care, and the human experiences of birth, death, and loss. Psychiatric-mental health nursing is concerned with sus­taining and enhancing the mental health of both the individual and the group, while its practice locale is often found in the community.

In exploring the theme of global mental health, each unit of this book opens with compelling photographs and stories of individuals from around the world who face a variety of mental health issues. By presenting the readers with this global per­spective, we hope to promote awareness of the relevance of those same global issues in our own culturally diverse society.

Along these lines, we selected a Mandela to represent the essence of this book. Mandela is the Sanskrit word for circle and symbolizes wholeness or organization around a unifying center. The goal of this book is to explore science, art, and spirituality as a path toward our shared vision of global mental health. It is a synthesis of elements important to a holistic view. The Mandela used throughout this book and on its cover is entitled The Great Mother, created by Cynthia Cunningham Baxter. It consists of hands and a mother tree, which is consistent with nursing's goals of care, compassion, and comfort.

The themes, ideas, knowledge, tools, and organization of this textbook were expressly designed for psychiatric-mental health nursing students and clinicians who are committed to developing the habits of mind, responsibility, and practice that will make a difference in view of contemporary trends. Specifically, this text prepares students to tailor and humanize interventions for traditional as well as "new" psychiatric-men­tal health clients often encountered in forensic settings, home­less shelters, and in other community-based and rehabilita­tion-oriented settings.

Furthermore, because advances in neuroscience and the study of the human genome are redefining our conception of the basis for mental disorders, a solid grounding in psychobiol­ogy is threaded throughout the book. Brain imaging assessment and concise yet comprehensive information on the expanding array of psychopharmacologic treatment is yet another strong emphasis. We recognize that psychiatric-mental health clients are racially and culturally diverse and include growing numbers of mentally ill elders, children, adolescents, and people with coexisting substance use disorders or comorbidities with other chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS. Therefore, we devote sepa­rate chapters to each of the above topics. We feel confident in entitling this book Contemporary Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing because of its explicit links to contemporary trends in our field.

ORGANIZATION

The detailed table of contents at the beginning of the book makes its clear organization easy to follow. The book is divided into five parts. Unit I clusters six chapters that provide compre­hensive coverage of the theoretic basis for psychiatric-mental health nursing. In Unit II, we address topics traditionally asso­ciated with psychiatric-mental health nursing, such as using the nursing process, therapeutic communication, assessment, advocacy and client rights, and creating a therapeutic environ­ment. Unit III focuses on caring for clients with specific DSM­IV-TR mental disorders. First, we outline the defining charac­teristics of each disorder, then we cover the biopsychosocial theories necessary to understand them, and finally we apply the nursing process to caring for clients with these disorders. Unit IV shifts the focus to vulnerable populations that require com­fort and care from psychiatric-mental health nurses. These populations include people at risk for self-destructive behavior, abuse, or violence; psychiatric-mental health clients with HIV/AIDS; and specific age groups. Unit V of the book provides authoritative coverage of nursing intervention strategies and desired outcomes, including a wide range of modalities, from

individual, group, and family interventions to psychopharmacology and complementary and alternative healing practices. Throughout the book, experts contributed their knowledge and skills on all the topics covered.

FEATURES

The following noteworthy features weave together the threads of research, theory, and practice into a comprehensive and con­temporary fabric of knowledge and competencies essential to psychiatric-mental health nursing. The content and processes are clearly applicable to the care of identified psychiatric-men­tal health clients, yet they are also relevant when integrated into the care of all those with whom we interact as professional nurses.

• Using Research Evidence. In addition to a full chapter devoted to evidence-based psychiatric-mental health nurs­ing practice (Chapter 3), each chapter includes a clinical vignette illustrating how research evidence shapes the plan of care for a particular client.

• Case-Based Critical Thinking Challenges. Because critical thinking skills are essential to evidence-based practice, a Critical Thinking Challenge begins each chapter, challeng­ing readers to analyze a case scenario that is related to the chapter topic. The discussion points for the critical thinking challenge appear in the Instructor's Resource Manual accompanying this text.

• Caring for the Spirit. These boxes reinforce the belief in the interconnection of mind, body, and spirit. They appear throughout the book and are designed to promote the understanding of the client's essence, meaning, and purpose in life, as well as the nurse's role in supporting spirituality. Culture and Family Awareness icons throughout the book call the reader's attention to content that bears on the importance of developing cultural compe­tence and the value of including the family as partners in psychiatric-mental health care. Medication icons throughout identify sections of the text that discuss psychopharmacology.

• Case Studies and Nursing Care Plans are found in each of the clinical chapters. These plans use NANDA, NOC, and NIC nomenclature and illustrate linkages among them when car­ing for clients diagnosed with specific mental disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR.

Assessment Guidelines, Intervention Guidelines, Client­Family Teaching boxes all present clinically relevant strate­gies in a succinct, user-friendly format. Assessment Guidelines contain lists of assessment points. Intervention Guidelines list specific nursing intervention strategies along with their rationales. Client-Family Teaching boxes provide specific client-oriented information that contains sample language a nurse can use when working with clients.

• Nursing Self-Awareness. Appearing throughout the book, these boxes engage the reader in a process of introspection and self­questioning that is essential to the therapeutic use of self.

• Rx Communication. Each of the clinical chapters focuses on clients within a particular psychiatric diagnostic category and includes a specially designed box to offer sample dia­logues of what a nurse can say in response to clients. In addition, we provide the rationale for at least two different but helpful alternatives. This feature is designed to provide students with a beginning repertoire of communication interventions useful when interacting with psychiatric­mental health clients.

Case Management, Community-Based Care, and Home Care. Each of the psychiatric disorders chapters and vulnerable populations chapters includes specific information that reflects the fact that the setting for much of psychiatric nursing practice today is found in the community rather than in the hospital.

• MediaLink and EXPLORE MediaLink. At the beginning of each chapter, a MediaLink box lists specific content, animations and videos, NCLEX review questions, tools, and other interactive exercises that appear on the accompanying Student CD-ROM and the Companion Website. Special MediaLink tabs appear in the margins throughout the chapter that refer the student to the topics and activities on the media supplements. Finally, at the end of each chapter, EXPLORE MediaLink sections encourage students to use the CD-ROM and the Companion Website to apply what they have learned from the text in case studies and care plans, to practice NCLEX questions, and to use additional resources. The purpose of the MediaLink feature is to fur­ther enhance the student experience, build upon knowledge gained from the textbook, prepare students for the NCLEX, and foster critical thinking.

• Focus Questions provide the reader with guidance for actively reading the chapter and getting the most out of it. Key Terms alert the reader to the vocabulary used in the chapter and are available in the Audio Glossary found on the Student CD-ROM or the Companion Website.

• Cross-References pinpoint specific content linked to sup­porting chapters when more depth is required. The icon refers the reader to content in other sections of the book.

References. Each chapter includes a bibliography of the most up-to-date resources on the topic. WebLinks throughout guide the reader to online information which can be accessed via the Companion Website at www.prenhall.com/kneisl.

The following supplements were developed to support Contemporary Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing and enhance both the student and instructor experiences in this course:

• Student CD-ROM. This CD-ROM is packaged free with the textbook. It provides an interactive study program that allows students to practice answering NCLEX-style questions with rationales for right and wrong answers. It also contains an Audio Glossary, animations and video clips, and a link to the Companion Website (an Internet connection is required).

• Companion Website www.prenhall.com/kneisl. This free online study guide is designed to help students apply the concepts presented in the book. Each chapter-specific mod­ule features objectives, Audio Glossary, chapter summary for lecture notes, NCLEX Review questions, case studies, care plan activities, lass discussion questions, WebLinks, and Nursing Tools, such as Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice, and more. Faculty adopting this textbook have free access to the online Syllabus Manager feature of the Companion Website. Syllabus Manager offers a whole host of features that facilitate the students' use of the Companion Website, and allows faculty to post syllabi and course information online for their students. For more information or a demonstration of Syllabus Manager, please contact a Prentice Hall Sales Representative. Clinical Companion for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing. This clinical companion serves as a portable, quick refer­ence to psychiatric-mental health nursing. Topics include DSM-IV-TR classifications, common diagnostic studies, over 20 clinical applications for mental health disorders, medications, and much more. This handbook will allow students to bring the information they learn from class into any clinical setting.

• Instructor's Resource Manual. This manual contains a wealth of material to help faculty plan and manage the Mental Health Nursing course. It includes chapter overviews, detailed lecture suggestions and outlines, learning objec­tives, discussion points, a complete test bank, answers to the textbook critical thinking exercises, teaching tips, and more for each chapter. The IRM also guides faculty on how to assign and use the text-specific Companion Website, www.prenhall.com/kneisl, and the free student CD-ROM that accompany the textbook.

• Instructor's Resource CD-ROM. This cross-platform CD­ROM provides illustrations and text slides in PowerPoint for use in classroom lectures. It also contains an electronic test bank, answers to the textbook critical thinking chal­lenges, and animations and videos from the Student CD­ROM. This supplement is available to faculty free upon adoption of the textbook.

• Online Course Management Systems. Also available are Blackboard, WebCt, and CourseCompass online compan­ions available for schools using course management sys­tems. The online course management solutions feature interactive modules, electronic test banks, PowerPoint slides< including images and discussion points, animations and video clips, and more. For more information about adopting an online course management system to accompany Contemporary Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, please contact your Prentice Hall Health Sales Representative or go online to www.prenhall.com/demo.

Psychiatric-mental health nursing is poised at a crossroads. We are challenged to bring complex thinking to a complex world if we are to actualize our contribution to global mental health­-the vision to which this text is dedicated. This book has been crafted to provide you with the best possible evidence generated in research to help you achieve your goal of excellence in prac­tice. It offers a fully integrated bio/psycho/social perspective rather than relying on any single theory or ideology. It encour­ages you to become personally, professionally, and spiritually willing to muster the courage and hope necessary to forge proactive steps in our future and to make a commitment to work globally in a contemporary landscape and mindscape.

We have the opportunity to forge a new synthesis of profes­sional wisdom in face of tough mind-body-spirit problems and needs. We need to face the new millennium's critical transi­tions with intelligence, stamina, wit, creativity, skill, and moral courage. Global mental health can become a shared emergent vision constructed in a way that is respectful of the rich diver­sity of the citizens of our contemporary world. We created this book to provide you with a map, a compass, and the inspiration to succeed in your current work. We hope that it encourages you to become a participant and leader in facing the broader challenges ahead of us.

 

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